Capa de Abstracción de Base de Datos

public function addColumn(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    ColumnInterface $column
): bool

public function addIndex(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName,
    IndexInterface $index
): bool

public function addForeignKey(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    ReferenceInterface $reference
): bool

public function addPrimaryKey(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    IndexInterface $index
): bool

public function affectedRows(): int

public function begin(
    bool $nesting = true
): bool

public function close(): bool

public function commit(
    bool $nesting = true
): bool

public function connect(
    array $descriptor = null
): bool

public function createSavepoint(
    string $name
): bool

public function delete(
    mixed $table, 
    mixed $whereCondition = null, 
    mixed $placeholders = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

public function describeColumns(
    string $table, 
    string $schema = null
): ColumnInterface[]

public function describeIndexes(
    string $table, 
        string $schema = null
): IndexInterface[]

public function describeReferences(
    string $table, 
    string $schema = null
): ReferenceInterface[]

public function dropColumn(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    string $columnName
): bool

public function dropForeignKey(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    string $referenceName
): bool

public function dropIndex(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    string $indexName
): bool

public function dropPrimaryKey(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName
): bool

public function dropTable(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName = null, 
    bool $ifExists = true
): bool

public function dropView(
    string $viewName, 
    string $schemaName = null, 
    bool $ifExists = true
): bool

public function escapeIdentifier(
    mixed identifier
): string

public function escapeString(string $str): string
```php
Escapa un valor para evitar inyecciones SQL

```php
public function execute(
    string $sqlStatement, 
    mixed $placeholders = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

public function fetchAll(
    string $sqlQuery, 
    int $fetchMode = 2, 
    mixed $placeholders = null
): array

public function fetchColumn(
    string $sqlQuery, 
    array $placeholders = [], 
    mixed $column = 0
): string | bool

$invoicesCount = $connection
    ->fetchColumn('SELECT count(*) FROM co_invoices')
print_r($invoicesCount)

$invoice = $connection->fetchColumn(
    'SELECT inv_id, inv_title 
    FROM co_invoices
    ORDER BY inv_created_at DESC',
    1
)
print_r($invoice)

public function fetchOne(
    string $sqlQuery, 
    int $fetchMode = 2, 
    mixed $placeholders = null
): array

public function forUpdate(
    string $sqlQuery
): string

public function getColumnDefinition(
    ColumnInterface $column
): string

public function getColumnList(
    mixed $columnList
): string

public function getConnectionId(): string

public function getDescriptor(): array

public function getDialect(): DialectInterface

public function getDialectType(): string

public function getDefaultIdValue(): RawValue

public function getInternalHandler(): \PDO

public function getNestedTransactionSavepointName(): string

public function getRealSQLStatement(): string

public function getSQLStatement(): string

public function getSQLBindTypes(): array

public function getSQLVariables(): array

public function getType(): string

public function insert(
    string $table, 
    array $values, 
    mixed $fields = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

public function insertAsDict(
    string $table, 
    mixed $data, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

// Inserting a new invoice
$success = $connection->insertAsDict(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id' => 1,
        'inv_title'  => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ]
)

// Next SQL sentence is sent to the database system
INSERT INTO `co_invoices` 
    ( `inv_cst_id`, `inv_title` ) 
VALUES 
    ( 1, 'Invoice for ACME Inc.' )

public function isNestedTransactionsWithSavepoints(): bool

public function isUnderTransaction(): bool

public function lastInsertId(
    mixed $sequenceName = null
)

public function limit(
    string $sqlQuery, 
    int $number
): string

public function listTables(
    string $schemaName = null
): array

public function listViews(
    string $schemaName = null
): array

public function modifyColumn(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName, 
    ColumnInterface $column, 
    ColumnInterface $currentColumn = null
): bool

public function query(
    string $sqlStatement, 
    mixed $placeholders = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): ResultInterface | bool

public function releaseSavepoint(
    string $name
): bool

public function rollback(
    bool $nesting = true
): bool

public function rollbackSavepoint(
    string $name
): bool

public function sharedLock(
    string $sqlQuery
): string

public function setNestedTransactionsWithSavepoints(
    bool $nestedTransactionsWithSavepoints
): AdapterInterface

public function supportSequences(): bool

public function tableExists(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName = null
): bool

public function tableOptions(
    string $tableName, 
    string $schemaName = null
): array

public function update(
    string $table, 
    mixed $fields, 
    mixed $values, 
    mixed $whereCondition = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

public function updateAsDict(
    string $table, 
    mixed $data, 
    mixed $whereCondition = null, 
    mixed $dataTypes = null
): bool

// Updating existing invoice
$success = $connection->updateAsDict(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_title' => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    'inv_id = 1'
)

// Next SQL sentence is sent to the database system
UPDATE `co_invoices` 
SET    `inv_title` = 'Invoice for ACME Inc.' 
WHERE   inv_id = 1

public function useExplicitIdValue(): bool

public function viewExists(
    string $viewName, 
    string $schemaName = null
): bool

<?php

\Phalcon\Db::setup(
    [
        'escapeIdentifiers' => false,
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\MySQL;

$connection = new MySQL(
    [
        'host'     => 'localhost',
        'username' => 'root',
        'password' => '',
        'dbname'   => 'test',
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\PdoFactory;

$factory    = new PdoFactory();
$connection = $factory
    ->newInstance(
        'mysql',
        [
            'host'     => 'localhost',
            'username' => 'root',
            'password' => '',
            'dbname'   => 'test',
        ]
    )
;

<?php

use Phalcon\Config\Adapter\Ini;
use Phalcon\Di;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\PdoFactory;

$container = new Di();

$config = new Ini('config.ini');

$container->set('config', $config);

$container->set(
    'db', 
    function () {
        return (new PdoFactory())->load($this->config->database);
    }
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Dialect\MySQL as SqlDialect;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\MySQL as Connection;

$dialect = new SqlDialect();

$dialect->registerCustomFunction(
    'MATCH_AGAINST',
    function ($dialect, $expression) {
        $arguments = $expression['arguments'];
        return sprintf(
            ' MATCH (%s) AGAINST (%s)',
            $dialect->getSqlExpression($arguments[0]),
            $dialect->getSqlExpression($arguments[1])
         );
    }
);

$connection = new Connection(
    [
        'host'          => 'localhost',
        'username'      => 'root',
        'password'      => '',
        'dbname'        => 'test',
        'dialectClass'  => $dialect,
    ]
);

<?php

$phql = '
  SELECT *
  FROM   Invoices
  WHERE  MATCH_AGAINST(title, :pattern:)';

$posts = $modelsManager->executeQuery(
    $phql,
    [
        'pattern' => $pattern,
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Postgresql;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Sqlite;

$config = [
    'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
    'username' => 'mike',
    'password' => 'sigma',
    'dbname'   => 'test_db',
];

$connection = new Mysql($config);

$config = [
    'host'     => 'localhost',
    'username' => 'postgres',
    'password' => 'secret1',
    'dbname'   => 'template',
];

$connection = new Postgresql($config);

$config = [
    'dbname' => '/path/to/database.db',
];
$connection = new Sqlite($config);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql;

$connection = new Mysql(
    [
        'host'     => 'localhost',
        'username' => 'root',
        'password' => 'sigma',
        'dbname'   => 'test_db',
        'options'  => [
            PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES 'UTF8'",
            PDO::ATTR_CASE               => PDO::CASE_LOWER,
        ]
    ]
);

<?php

$sql     = "
INSERT INTO `co_invoices` 
    ( `inv_cst_id`, `inv_title` ) 
VALUES 
    ( 1, 'Invoice for ACME Inc.' )
";
$success = $connection->execute($sql);

<?php

$sql     = '
INSERT INTO `co_invoices` 
    ( `inv_cst_id`, `inv_title` ) 
VALUES 
    ( ?, ? )
';
$success = $connection->execute(
    $sql,
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ]
);

<?php

$success = $connection->insert(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    [
        'inv_cst_id',
        'inv_title', 
    ]
);

<?php

$success = $connection->insertAsDict(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id' => 1,
        'inv_title'  => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ]
);

<?php

$sql     = "
UPDATE 
    `co_invoices` 
SET 
    `inv_cst_id`= 1, 
    `inv_title` = 'Invoice for ACME Inc.'
WHERE
    `inv_id` = 4
";
$success = $connection->execute($sql);

<?php

$sql     = "
UPDATE 
    `co_invoices` 
SET 
    `inv_cst_id`= ?, 
    `inv_title` = ?
WHERE
    `inv_id` = ?
";
$success = $connection->execute(
    $sql,
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
        4,
    ]
);

<?php

$success = $connection->update(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id',
        'inv_title',
    ],
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    'inv_id = 4'
);

<?php

$success = $connection->updateAsDict(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id' => 1,
        'inv_title'  => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    'inv_id = 4'
);

<?php

$success = $connection->update(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id',
        'inv_title',
    ],
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    [
        'conditions' => 'id = ?',
        'bind'       => [
            4
        ],
        'bindTypes'  => [
            \PDO::PARAM_INT
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

$success = $connection->updateAsDict(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        'inv_cst_id' => 1,
        'inv_title'  => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    [
        'conditions' => 'id = ?',
        'bind'       => [
            4
        ],
        'bindTypes'  => [
            \PDO::PARAM_INT
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

$sql     = '
DELETE 
   `co_invoices` 
WHERE
   `inv_id` = 4
';
$success = $connection->execute($sql);

<?php

$sql     = '
DELETE 
   `co_invoices` 
WHERE
   `inv_id` = ?
';
$success = $connection->execute(
    $sql, 
    [
        4
    ]
);

<?php

$success = $connection->delete(
    'co_invoices',
    'inv_id = ?',
    [
        4,
    ]
);

<?php

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';
$result = $connection->query($sql);
while ($invoice = $result->fetch()) {
   echo $invoice['inv_title'];
}

$invoices = $connection->fetchAll($sql);
foreach ($invoices as $invoice) {
   echo $invoice['inv_title'];
}

$invoice = $connection->fetchOne($sql);

<?php

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';
$result = $connection->query($sql);

$result->setFetchMode(
    Phalcon\Db\Enum::FETCH_NUM
);

while ($invoice = $result->fetch()) {
   echo $invoice[0];
}

<?php

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';
$result = $connection->query($sql);

while ($invoice = $result->fetch()) {
   echo $invoice['name'];
}

$result->seek(2);

$invoice = $result->fetch();

echo $result->numRows();

<?php

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = ?
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$result = $connection->query(
    $sql,
    [
        4,
    ]
);

<?php

$sql     = "
UPDATE 
    `co_invoices` 
SET 
    `inv_cst_id`= :cstId, 
    `inv_title` = :title
WHERE
    `inv_id` = :id
";
$success = $connection->query(
    $sql,
    [
        'cstId' => 1,
        'title' => 'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
        'id'    => 4,
    ]
);

<?php

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = ?
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$result = $connection->query(
    $sql,
    [
        1 => 4,
    ]
);

<?php

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = :customerId:
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'customerId' => 4,
        ]
    )
;

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Column;

// ...

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = :customerId:
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'customerId' => 4,
        ],
        Column::BIND_PARAM_INT
    )
;

<?php

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = {customerId:int}
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'customerId' => 4,
        ],
    )
;

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_title <> {title:str}
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'title' => 'Invoice for ACME Inc',
        ],
    )
;

<?php

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id = {customerId}
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'customerId' => 4,
        ],
    )
;

<?php

$phql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
WHERE
    inv_cst_id IN ({ids:array})
ORDER BY 
    inv_created_at
';

$invoices = $this
    ->modelsManager
    ->executeQuery(
        $phql,
        [
            'ids' => [1, 3, 5],
        ],
    )
;

<?php

$number = '100';
$phql   = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
LIMIT 
    {number:int}
';

$invoices = $modelsManager->executeQuery(
    $phql,
    [
        'number' => $number,
    ]
);

<?php

$number = '100';
$phql   = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    Invoices
LIMIT 
    {number:int}
';

$invoices = $modelsManager->executeQuery(
    $phql,
    [
        'number' => (int) $number,
    ]
);

<?php

\Phalcon\Db::setup(
    [
        'forceCasting' => true,
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

Model::setup(
    [
        'castOnHydrate' => true,
    ]
);

<?php

$invoice = Invoices::findFirst();
if (11 === $invoice->inv_id) {
    echo $invoice->inv_title;
}

<?php

try {
    $connection->begin();

    $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 1');
    $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 2');
    $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 3');

    $connection->commit();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    $connection->rollback();
}

<?php

try {
    $connection->begin();

    $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 1');

    try {
        $connection->begin();

        $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 2');
        $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 3');

        $connection->commit();
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        $connection->rollback();
    }

    $connection->execute('DELETE `co_invoices` WHERE `inv_id` = 4');

    $connection->commit();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // An exception has occurred rollback the transaction
    $connection->rollback();
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql;

$manager = new Manager();

$manager->attach('db', $listener);

$connection = new Mysql(
    [
        'host'     => 'localhost',
        'username' => 'root',
        'password' => 'secret',
        'dbname'   => 'tutorial',
    ]
);

$connection->setEventsManager($manager);

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Event;

$manager->attach(
    'db:beforeQuery',
    function (Event $event, $connection) {
        $sql = $connection->getSQLStatement();

        if (true === preg_match('/DROP|ALTER/i', $sql)) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Db\Profiler;

$manager  = new Manager();
$profiler = new Profiler();

$manager->attach(
    'db',
    function (Event $event, $connection) use ($profiler) {
        if ($event->getType() === 'beforeQuery') {
            $sql = $connection->getSQLStatement();
            $profiler->startProfile($sql);
        }

        if ($event->getType() === 'afterQuery') {
            $profiler->stopProfile();
        }
    }
);

$connection->setEventsManager($manager);

$sql = '
SELECT 
    inv_id,
    inv_title
FROM 
    co_invoices
';
$connection->query($sql);

$profile = $profiler->getLastProfile();

echo 'SQL Statement: ', $profile->getSQLStatement(), PHP_EOL,
     'Start Time: ', $profile->getInitialTime(), PHP_EOL,
     'Final Time: ', $profile->getFinalTime(), PHP_EOL,
     'Total Elapsed Time: ', $profile->getTotalElapsedSeconds(), PHP_EOL;

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Db\Profiler;
use Phalcon\Db\Profiler\Item;

class DbProfiler extends Profiler
{
    public function beforeStartProfile(Item $profile)
    {
        echo $profile->getSQLStatement();
    }

    public function afterEndProfile(Item $profile)
    {
        echo $profile->getTotalElapsedSeconds();
    }
}

$manager  = new Manager();
$listener = new DbProfiler();

$manager->attach('db', $listener);

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Logger;
use Phalcon\Logger\Adapter\Stream;

$adapter = new Stream('/storage/logs/queries.log');
$logger  = new Logger(
    'messages',
    [
        'main' => $adapter,
    ]
);

$manager = new Manager();

$manager->attach(
    'db:beforeQuery',
    function (Event $event, $connection) use ($logger) {
        $sql = $connection->getSQLStatement();

        $logger->info(
            sprintf(
                '%s - [%s]',
                $connection->getSQLStatement(),
                json_encode($connection->getSQLVariables())
            )
        );
    }
);

$connection->setEventsManager($manager);

$connection->insert(
    'products',
    [
        'Hot pepper',
        3.50,
    ],
    [
        'name',
        'price',
    ]
);
$connection->insert(
    'co_invoices',
    [
        1,
        'Invoice for ACME Inc.',
    ],
    [
        'inv_cst_id',
        'inv_title', 
    ]
);

<?php

$tables = $connection->listTables('gonano');

<?php

$exists = $connection->tableExists('co_invoices');

<?php

$fields = $connection->describeColumns('co_invoices');
foreach ($fields as $field) {
    echo 'Column Type: ', $field['Type'];
}

<?php

$indexes = $connection->describeIndexes('co_invoices');
foreach ($indexes as $index) {
    print_r(
        $index->getColumns()
    );
}

<?php

$references = $connection->describeReferences('co_invoices');
foreach ($references as $reference) {
    print_r(
        $reference->getReferencedColumns()
    );
}

<?php

$tables = $connection->listViews('gonano');

<?php

$exists = $connection->viewExists('vw_invoices');

<?php

use \Phalcon\Db\Column as Column;

$connection->createTable(
    'co_invoices',
    null,
    [
       'columns' => [
            new Column(
                'inv_id',
                [
                    'type'          => Column::TYPE_INTEGER,
                    'size'          => 10,
                    'notNull'       => true,
                    'autoIncrement' => true,
                    'primary'       => true,
                ]
            ),
            new Column(
                'inv_cst_id',
                [
                    'type'    => Column::TYPE_INTEGER,
                    'size'    => 11,
                    'notNull' => true,
                ]
            ),
            new Column(
                'inv_title',
                [
                    'type'    => Column::TYPE_VARCHAR,
                    'size'    => 100,
                    'notNull' => true,
                ]
            ),
        ]
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Column as Column;

$connection->addColumn(
    'co_invoices',
    null,
    new Column(
        'inv_status_flag',
        [
            'type'    => Column::TYPE_INTEGER,
            'size'    => 1,
            'notNull' => true,
            'default' => 0,
            'after'   => 'inv_cst_id',
        ]
    )
);


$connection->modifyColumn(
    'co_invoices',
    null,
    new Column(
        'inv_status_flag',
        [
            'type'    => Column::TYPE_INTEGER,
            'size'    => 2,
            'notNull' => true,
        ]
    )
);

$connection->dropColumn(
    'co_invoices',
    null,
    'inv_status_flag'
);

<?php

$connection->dropTable('co_invoices');

<?php

$connection->dropTable('co_invoices', 'gonano');