Dispatcher Component | Phalcon Documentation

Overview

The Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher is the component responsible for instantiating controllers and executing the required actions on them in an MVC application. Dispatching is the process of taking the request object, extracting the module name, controller name, action name, and optional parameters contained in it, and then instantiating a controller and calling an action of that controller.

<?php

use Phalcon\Di\Di;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;

$container  = new Di();
$dispatcher = new Dispatcher();

$dispatcher->setDI($container);

$dispatcher->setControllerName("posts");
$dispatcher->setActionName("index");
$dispatcher->setParams([]);

$controller = $dispatcher->dispatch();

Methods

public function callActionMethod(
    mixed $handler, 
    string $actionMethod, 
    array $params = []
)

Calls an action method with a handler and parameters

public function dispatch(): object | bool

Process the results of the router by calling into the appropriate controller action(s) including any routing data or injected parameters. Returns the dispatched handler class (the Controller for Mvc dispatching or a Task for CLI dispatching) or false if an exception occurred and the operation was stopped by returning false in the exception handler. Throws an Exception if any uncaught or unhandled exception occurs during the dispatcher process.

public function forward(
    array $forward
): void

Forwards the execution flow to another controller/action.

<?php

use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;
use App\Back\Bootstrap as Back;
use App\Front\Bootstrap as Front;

$modules = [
    "frontend" => [
        "className" => Front::class,
        "path"      => __DIR__ . "/app/Modules/Front/Bootstrap.php",
        "metadata"  => [
            "controllersNamespace" => "App\Front\Controllers",
        ],
    ],
    "backend" => [
        "className" => Back::class,
        "path"      => __DIR__ . "/app/Modules/Back/Bootstrap.php",
        "metadata"  => [
            "controllersNamespace" => "App\Back\Controllers",
        ],
    ],
];

$application->registerModules($modules);

$eventsManager = $container->getShared("eventsManager");

$eventsManager->attach(
    "dispatch:beforeForward",
    function (
        Event $event, 
        Dispatcher $dispatcher, 
        array $forward
    ) use ($modules) {
        $metadata = $modules[$forward["module"]]["metadata"];

        $dispatcher->setModuleName(
            $forward["module"]
        );

        $dispatcher->setNamespaceName(
            $metadata["controllersNamespace"]
        );
    }
);

// Forward
$this->dispatcher->forward(
    [
        "module"     => "backend",
        "controller" => "posts",
        "action"     => "index",
    ]
);

public function getActionName(): string

Gets the latest dispatched action name

public function getActionSuffix(): string

Gets the default action suffix

public function getActiveController(): ControllerInterface

Returns the active controller in the dispatcher

public function getActiveMethod(): string

Returns the current method to be/executed in the dispatcher

public function getBoundModels(): array

Returns bound models from binder instance

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;

/**
 * @property Dispatcher $dispatcher
 */
class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function viewAction(Invoices $invoice)
    {
        $boundModels = $this
            ->dispatcher
            ->getBoundModels()
        ;
    }
}

public function getControllerClass(): string

Possible controller class name that will be located to dispatch the request

public function getControllerName(): string

Gets last dispatched controller name

public function getDefaultNamespace(): string

Returns the default namespace

public function getHandlerClass(): string

Possible class name that will be located to dispatch the request

public function getHandlerSuffix(): string

Gets the default handler suffix

public function getLastController(): ControllerInterface

Returns the latest dispatched controller

public function getModelBinder(): BinderInterface | null

Gets the model binder

public function getModuleName(): string

Gets the module where the controller class is

public function getNamespaceName(): string

Gets a namespace to be prepended to the current handler name

public function getParam(
    mixed $param, 
    string | array $filters = null, 
    mixed $defaultValue = null
): mixed

Gets a parameter by its name or numeric index

public function getParams(): array

Gets action params

public function getPreviousActionName(): string

Gets previous dispatched action name

public function getPreviousControllerName(): string

Gets previous dispatched controller name

public function getPreviousNamespaceName(): string

Gets previous dispatched namespace name

public function getReturnedValue(): mixed

Returns value returned by the latest dispatched action

public function hasParam(
    mixed $param
): bool

Check if a param exists

public function isFinished(): bool

Checks if the dispatch loop is finished or has more pendent controllers/tasks to dispatch

public function setActionName(
    string $actionName
): void

Sets the action name to be dispatched

public function setActionSuffix(
    string $actionSuffix
): void

Sets the default action suffix

public function setControllerName(
    string $controllerName
)

Sets the controller name to be dispatched

public function setControllerSuffix(
    string $controllerSuffix
)

Sets the default controller suffix

public function setDefaultAction(
    string $actionName
): void

Sets the default action name

public function setDefaultController(
    string $controllerName
)

Sets the default controller name

public function setDefaultNamespace(
    string $namespaceName
): void

Sets the default namespace

public function setHandlerSuffix(
    string $handlerSuffix
): void

Sets the default suffix for the handler

public function setModelBinder(
    BinderInterface $modelBinder, 
    mixed $cache = null
): DispatcherInterface

Enable model binding during dispatch

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function() {
        $dispatcher = new Dispatcher();

        $dispatcher->setModelBinder(
            new Binder(),
            'cache'
        );

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

public function setModuleName(
    string $moduleName
): void

Sets the module where the controller is (only informative)

public function setNamespaceName(
    string $namespaceName
): void

Sets the namespace where the controller class is

public function setParam(
    mixed $param, 
    mixed $value
): void

Set a param by its name or numeric index

public function setParams(
    array $params
): void

Sets action params to be dispatched

public function setReturnedValue(
    mixed $value
): void

Sets the latest returned value by an action manually

public function wasForwarded(): bool

Check if the current executed action was forwarded by another one

Dispatch Loop

This is an important process that has much to do with the MVC flow itself, especially with the controller part. The work occurs within the controller dispatcher. The controller files are read, loaded, and instantiated. Then the required actions are executed. If an action forwards the flow to another controller/action, the controller dispatcher starts again. To better illustrate this, the following example shows approximately the process performed within the Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher component.

<?php

$finished = false;

while (true !== $finished) {
    $finished = true;

    $controllerClass = $controllerName . 'Controller';
    $controller      = new $controllerClass();

    call_user_func_array(
        [
            $controller,
            $actionName . 'Action',
        ],
        $params
    );

    $finished = true;
}

In the code above, we are calculating the controller name, instantiate it and call the relevant action. After that we finish the loop. The example is very simplified and lacks validations, filters and additional checks, but it demonstrates the normal flow of operation within the dispatcher.

Forwarding

The dispatch loop allows you to forward the execution flow to another controller/action. This is very useful in situations when checking if the user has access to certain areas, and if not allowed to be forwarded to other controllers and actions, thus allowing you to reuse code.

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;

/**
 * @property Dispatcher $dispatcher
 */
class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function saveAction($year, $postTitle)
    {
        // ... 

        $this->dispatcher->forward(
            [
                'controller' => 'invoices',
                'action'     => 'list',
            ]
        );
    }
}

Examples:

<?php

$this->dispatcher->forward(
    [
        'action' => 'search',
    ]
);

Forward flow to another action in the current controller

<?php

$this->dispatcher->forward(
    [
        'action' => 'search',
        'params' => [1, 2, 3],
    ]
);

Forward flow to another action in the current controller, passing parameters

A forward action accepts the following parameters:

Parameter	Description
`controller`	A valid controller name to forward to.
`action`	A valid action name to forward to.
`params`	An array of parameters for the action.
`namespace`	A valid namespace name where the controller is part of.

Parameters

Preparing

By using events or hook points available by the Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher, you can easily adjust your application to accept any URL schema that suits your application. This is particularly useful when upgrading your application and want to transform some legacy URLs. For instance, you might want your URLs to be:

https://domain.com/controller/key1/value1/key2/value

Since parameters are passed with the order that they are defined in the URL to actions, you can transform them to the desired schema:

<?php

use Phalcon\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeDispatchLoop',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                $params    = $dispatcher->getParams();
                $keyParams = [];

                foreach ($params as $index => $value) {
                    if ($index & 1) {
                        $key = $params[$index - 1];

                        $keyParams[$key] = $value;
                    }
                }

                $dispatcher->setParams($keyParams);
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

If the desired schema is:

https://example.com/controller/key1:value1/key2:value

you can use the following code:

<?php

use Phalcon\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeDispatchLoop',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                $params    = $dispatcher->getParams();
                $keyParams = [];

                foreach ($params as $param) {
                    $parts = explode(':', $param);
                    $key   = $parts[0];
                    $value = $parts[1];

                    $keyParams[$key] = $value;
                }

                $dispatcher->setParams($keyParams);
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

Getting

When a route provides named parameters you can receive them in a controller, a view or any other component that extends Phalcon\Di\Injectable

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;

/**
 * @property Dispatcher $dispatcher
 */
class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function viewAction()
    {
        $invoiceId = $this
            ->dispatcher
            ->getParam('invoiceId', 'int')
        ;
        $filter = $this
            ->dispatcher
            ->getParam('filter', 'string')
        ;

        // ...
    }
}

In the example above, we get the invoiceId as the first parameter passed and automatically sanitize it as an integer. The second parameter is the filter one, which is sanitized as a string

Actions

You can also define an arbitrary schema for actions before the dispatch loop is invoked.

Camelize Names

If the original URL is

https://example.com/admin/invoices/show-unpaid

and for example you want to camelize show-unpaid to ShowUnpaid, the beforeDispatchLoop can be used to achieve that.

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager as Manager;

$helper = $container->getShared('helper');
$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () use ($helper) {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeDispatchLoop',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                $dispatcher->setActionName(
                    $helper->camelize(
                        $dispatcher->getActionName()
                    )
                );
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

Filter File Extensions

If the original URL always contains a .php extension:

https://example.com/admin/invoices/show-unpaid.php
https://example.com/admin/invoices/index.php

You can remove it before dispatch the controller/action combination:

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeDispatchLoop',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                $action = $dispatcher->getActionName();
                $action = preg_replace('/\.php$/', '', $action);

                $dispatcher->setActionName($action);
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

Model Injection

There are instances that you might want to inject automatically model instances that have been matched with the parameters passed in the URL.

Our controller is:

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View;

/**
 * @property View $view
 */
class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function viewAction(Invoices $invoice)
    {
        $this->view->invoice = $invoice;
    }
}

The viewAction receives an instance of the model Invoices. If you try to execute this method without any checks and manipulations, the call will fail. You can however inspect the passed parameters before the dispatch loop and manipulate the parameters accordingly.

<?php

use \Exception;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use \ReflectionMethod;

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeDispatchLoop',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                $controllerName = $dispatcher->getControllerClass();
                $actionName     = $dispatcher->getActiveMethod();

                try {
                    $reflection = new ReflectionMethod(
                        $controllerName, 
                        $actionName
                    );
                    $parameters = $reflection->getParameters();

                    foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
                        $className = $parameter->getClass()->name;

                        if (is_subclass_of($className, Model::class)) {
                            $model = $className::findFirstById(
                                $dispatcher->getParams()[0]
                            );

                            $dispatcher->setParams(
                                [
                                    $model,
                                ]
                            );
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                }
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

In the example above, we get the controller class and active method from the dispatcher. Looping through the parameters, we use reflection to check the method to be executed. We calculate the model name and also check if the parameter is expecting a model name. If yes, we override the parameter by passing the model found. If an exception was thrown, we can handle that accordingly, for instance if the class or action do not exist or the record has not been found.

The above example has been simplified. You can adjust it according to your needs and inject any kind of dependency or model to an action before it gets executed.

The dispatcher also comes with an option to handle this internally for all models passed into a controller action by using the Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Binder object.

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Binder;

$dispatcher = new Dispatcher();

$dispatcher->setModelBinder(
    new Binder()
);

return $dispatcher;

Also, by using the Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Binder\BindableInterface in controllers, you can define the models binding in base controllers.

In the example below, we have a base controller CrudController which InvoicesController extends from.

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View;

/**
 * @property View $view
 */
class CrudController extends Controller
{
    public function viewAction(Model $model)
    {
        $this->view->model = $model;
    }
}

In the InvoicesController we will define which model the controller is associated with. This is done by implementing the Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Binder\BindableInterface, which will make the getModelName() method available. This method is used to return the model name. It can return string with just one model name or an associative array with the key is the parameter name.

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Binder\BindableInterface;

class InvoicesController extends CrudController implements BindableInterface
{
    public function getModelName()
    {
        return Invoices::class;
    }
}

By declaring the model associated with the InvoicesController the binder can check the controller for the getModelName() method before passing the defined model into the parent view action.

If your project structure does not use any base controllers, you can of course still bind the model directly into the controller action:

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View;

/**
 * @property View $view
 */
class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function showAction(Invoices $invoice)
    {
        $this->view->invoice = $invoice;
    }
}

Not-Found (404)

If an Events Manager has been defined, you can use it to intercept exceptions that are thrown when the controller/action pair are not found.

<?php

use Exception;
use Phalcon\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher\Exception as DispatchException;

$container->setShared(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeException',
            function (
                Event $event, 
                $dispatcher, 
                Exception $exception
            ) {
                // 404
                if ($exception instanceof DispatchException) {
                    $dispatcher->forward(
                        [
                            'controller' => 'index',
                            'action'     => 'fourOhFour',
                        ]
                    );

                    return false;
                }
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

or use an alternative syntax checking for the exception.

<?php

use Exception;
use Phalcon\Dispatcher\Exception as DispatcherException;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;

$container->setShared(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch:beforeException',
            function (
                Event $event, 
                $dispatcher, 
                Exception $exception
            ) {
                switch ($exception->getCode()) {
                    case DispatcherException::EXCEPTION_HANDLER_NOT_FOUND:
                    case DispatcherException::EXCEPTION_ACTION_NOT_FOUND:
                        // 404
                        $dispatcher->forward(
                            [
                                'controller' => 'index',
                                'action'     => 'fourOhFour',
                            ]
                        );

                        return false;
                }
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    }
);

We can move this method in a plugin class:

<?php

use Exception;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher\Exception as DispatchException;

class ExceptionsPlugin
{
    public function beforeException(
        Event $event, 
        Dispatcher $dispatcher, 
        Exception $exception
    ) {
        $action = 'fiveOhThree';

        if ($exception instanceof DispatchException) {
            $action = 'fourOhFour';
        }

        $dispatcher->forward(
            [
                'controller' => 'index',
                'action'     => $action,
            ]
        );

        return false;
    }
}

Events

Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher is able to send events to a Manager if it is present. Events are triggered using the type dispatch. Some events when returning boolean false could stop the active operation. The following events are supported:

Event Name	Triggered	Can stop
`afterBinding`	After models are bound but before executing route	Yes
`afterDispatch`	After executing the controller/action method.	Yes
`afterDispatchLoop`	After exiting the dispatch loop	No
`afterExecuteRoute`	After executing the controller/action method.	No
`afterInitialize`	Allow to globally initialize the controller in the request	No
`beforeDispatch`	After entering in the dispatch loop. The Dispatcher only knows the information passed by the Router.	Yes
`beforeDispatchLoop`	Before entering in the dispatch loop. The Dispatcher only knows the information passed by the Router.	Yes
`beforeException`	Before the dispatcher throws any exception	Yes
`beforeExecuteRoute`	Before executing the controller/action method. The Dispatcher has initialized the controller and knows if the action exist.	Yes
`beforeForward`	Before forwarding to a controller/action method. (MVC Dispatcher)	No
`beforeNotFoundAction`	when the action was not found in the controller	Yes

The INVO sample application, demonstrates how you can take advantage of dispatching events, implementing a security filter with Acl

The following example demonstrates how to attach listeners to this component:

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher as MvcDispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;

$container->set(
    'dispatcher',
    function () {
        $eventsManager = new Manager();

        $eventsManager->attach(
            'dispatch',
            function (Event $event, $dispatcher) {
                // ...
            }
        );

        $dispatcher = new MvcDispatcher();
        $dispatcher->setEventsManager($eventsManager);

        return $dispatcher;
    },
    true
);

An instantiated controller automatically acts as a listener for dispatch events, so you can implement methods as callbacks:

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;

class InvoicesController extends Controller
{
    public function beforeExecuteRoute(
        Dispatcher $dispatcher
    ) {
        // ...
    }

    public function afterExecuteRoute(
        Dispatcher $dispatcher
    ) {
        // ...
    }
}

Events Manager

You can use the dispatcher::beforeForward event to change modules and perform redirections easier.

<?php

use App\Back\Bootstrap;
use Phalcon\Di\Di;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Dispatcher;
use Phalcon\Events\Event;

$container = new Di();

$modules = [
    'backend' => [
        'className' => Bootstrap::class,
        'path'      => '/app/Modules/Back/Bootstrap.php',
        'metadata'  => [
            'controllersNamespace' => 'App\Back\Controllers',
        ],
    ],
];

$manager = new Manager();
$manager->attach(
    'dispatch:beforeForward',
    function (
        Event $event, 
        Dispatcher $dispatcher, 
        array $forward
    ) use ($modules) {
        $moduleName = $forward['module'];
        $metadata   = $modules[$moduleName]['metadata'];

        $dispatcher->setModuleName($moduleName);
        $dispatcher->setNamespaceName(
            $metadata['controllersNamespace']
        );
    }
);

$dispatcher = new Dispatcher();
$dispatcher->setDI($container);
dispatcher->setManager($manager);
$container->set('dispatcher', $dispatcher);

$dispatcher->forward(
    [
        'module'     => 'backend',
        'controller' => 'invoices',
        'action'     => 'index',
    ]
);

echo $dispatcher->getModuleName();

Custom

The Phalcon\Mvc\DispatcherInterface interface must be implemented to create your own dispatcher.

<?php

namespace MyApp\Mvc

use Phalcon\Mvc\DispatcherInterface;

class MyDispatcher implements DispatcherInterface
{
    /**
     * Dispatches a handle action taking into account the routing parameters
     */
    public function dispatch(): object | bool;

    /**
     * Forwards the execution flow to another controller/action
     */
    public function forward(array $forward): void;

    /**
     * Gets last dispatched action name
     */
    public function getActionName(): string;

    /**
     * Gets the default action suffix
     */
    public function getActionSuffix(): string;

    /**
     * Returns the active controller in the dispatcher
     */
    public function getActiveController(): ControllerInterface;

    /**
     * Gets last dispatched controller name
     */
    public function getControllerName(): string;

    /**
     * Gets the default handler suffix
     */
    public function getHandlerSuffix(): string;

    /**
     * Returns the latest dispatched controller
     */
    public function getLastController(): ControllerInterface;

    /**
     * Gets a param by its name or numeric index
     *
     * @param string|array filters
     */
    public function getParam($param, $filters = null);

    /**
     * Gets action params
     */
    public function getParams(): array;

    /**
     * Returns value returned by the latest dispatched action
     */
    public function getReturnedValue();

    /**
     * Check if a param exists
     */
    public function hasParam($param): bool;

    /**
     * Checks if the dispatch loop is finished or has more pendent
     * controllers/tasks to dispatch
     */
    public function isFinished(): bool;

    /**
     * Sets the action name to be dispatched
     */
    public function setActionName(string $actionName): void;

    /**
     * Sets the default action suffix
     */
    public function setActionSuffix(string $actionSuffix): void;

    /**
     * Sets the default controller suffix
     */
    public function setControllerSuffix(string $controllerSuffix);

    /**
     * Sets the controller name to be dispatched
     */
    public function setControllerName(string $controllerName);

    /**
     * Sets the default action name
     */
    public function setDefaultAction(string $actionName): void;

    /**
     * Sets the default controller name
     */
    public function setDefaultController(string $controllerName);

    /**
     * Sets the default namespace
     */
    public function setDefaultNamespace(string $defaultNamespace): void;

    /**
     * Sets the default suffix for the handler
     */
    public function setHandlerSuffix(string $handlerSuffix): void;

    /**
     * Sets the module name which the application belongs to
     */
    public function setModuleName(string $moduleName): void;

    /**
     * Sets the namespace which the controller belongs to
     */
    public function setNamespaceName(string $namespaceName): void;

    /**
     * Set a param by its name or numeric index
     *
     * @param  mixed value
     */
    public function setParam($param, $value): void;

    /**
     * Sets action params to be dispatched
     */
    public function setParams(array $params): void;
}